The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) plans to triple the nation's nuclear power capacity by 2050, with coal communities playing a pivotal role in this expansion. Mike Goff, acting assistant secretary for the Office of Nuclear Energy at the DOE, highlighted the importance of developing new nuclear reactors at shuttered coal plants, which could lower costs and support the transition to clean energy.

The U.S. currently operates 94 nuclear reactors, generating about 100 gigawatts of power and meeting 18% of the nation's electricity demand. However, the DOE aims to add 200 gigawatts by 2050 to meet rising electricity demand, reduce carbon emissions, and ensure energy security.

According to a DOE study, coal plants that have recently closed or are expected to retire could provide a viable solution, offering space for up to 174 gigawatts of new nuclear power across 36 states. These sites already have transmission infrastructure in place, reducing costs by up to 30% compared to new locations, Goff said.

Restarting nuclear plants like Constellation Energy's planned reopening of Three Mile Island by 2028 is seen as a positive step, though it will only contribute a small fraction of the overall goal. Data centers, like those of Microsoft, are driving demand for reliable, 24/7 clean energy, further emphasizing the need for nuclear expansion.

Cost overruns and long construction timelines remain challenges, but the U.S. is committed to advancing nuclear power to support its clean energy transition.